Wireless Protocols

These are few wireless protocols in use.

Name of the Protocol	Description
WAP (Wireless Application Protocol)	This is an application communication protocol inherited from internet which is used by handheld devices, mobile phones, pagers and two way radios, smart phones, etc. WAP is supported by operating systems such as PalmOS, EPOC, Windows CE, FLEXOS, OS/9, and JavaOS. This protocol is capable of working with wireless networks such as CDPD, CDMA, GSM, PDC and TDM
TKIP (Temporal Key Integrity protocol)	This is a short term fix introduced to WAP which comes as a simple software/firmware upgrade. TKIP identifies all of the WAP weaknesses. This increase the IV (Initialization Vector) to 48 bits and first 4 bits indicate QoS traffic class while remaining 44 bits are used as a counter. TKIP generate new secret keys dynamically and use original secret key as a base.
SWAP (Shared Wireless Access Protocol)	This is developed by HomeRF Working Group for wireless voice and data networking for home environment. SWAP supports TDMA for interactive data transfer and CSMA / CA for high speed packet transfer.
EAP (Extensible Authentication Protocol)	EAP supports multiple authentication methods such as, token cards, smart cards, Kerberos, one time passwords, certificates and public key authentication. There are two EAP variations, · LEAP (Lightweight Extensible Authentication Protocol) – This is a proprietary protocol of Cisco which use dynamic Wired Equivalent Privacy (WEP) key that are changed with more frequent authentication between RADIUS server and clients. LEAP intends to provide secure authentication for 802.11 WLAN which supports 802.1x port access control. · PEAP (Protected EAP) – This is base on the Internet Draft (I-D) submitted by Cisco, Microsoft and RSA security to IETF. This relies on TLS to allow nonencrypted authentication types and encrypt all user sensitive authentication information.
LDAP (Lightweight Directory Access Protocols)	This is built on X.500 Directory services model and communication has two elements such as client-server and server-server. Few common LDAP server are, IBM DS Series LDAP Directory (AIX), Netscape Directory Server and OpenLDAP server (Linux), etc.
WRAP (Wireless Robust Authentication Protocol)	This is an encryption protocol standard for 802.11i and based on Offset Codebook (OCB) mode of AES. (EC Council)
HDTP (Handheld Device Transport Protocol)	This protocol is optimized for handheld devices and low performance networks and provide security features like, authentication, privacy and integration, counteracting playback attacks, etc. (EC Council)